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PERLTOC(1)
NAME
perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
DESCRIPTION
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to
locate the proper section you're looking for.
BASIC DOCUMENTATION
perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
SYNOPSIS
Overview
Tutorials
Reference Manual
Internals and C Language Interface
Miscellaneous
Language-Specific
Platform-Specific
DESCRIPTION
AVAILABILITY
ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR
FILES
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
BUGS
NOTES
perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl?
Running Perl programs
Basic syntax overview
Perl variable types
Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
Variable scoping
Conditional and looping constructs
if, while, for, foreach
Builtin operators and functions
Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
Miscellaneous
Files and I/O
Regular expressions
Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular
expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
Writing subroutines
OO Perl
Using Perl modules
AUTHOR
perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11 21:32:23
$)
DESCRIPTION
perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl
perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
perlfaq3: Programming Tools
perlfaq4: Data Manipulation
perlfaq5: Files and Formats
perlfaq6: Regular Expressions
perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues
perlfaq8: System Interaction
perlfaq9: Networking
About the perlfaq documents
Where to get the perlfaq
How to contribute to the perlfaq
authors
What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
Credits
Author and Copyright Information
Bundled Distributions
Disclaimer
Changes
1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97
Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
perlbook - Perl book information
DESCRIPTION
perlsyn - Perl syntax
DESCRIPTION
Declarations
Simple statements
Compound statements
Loop Control
For Loops
Foreach Loops
Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
Goto
PODs: Embedded Documentation
Plain Old Comments (Not!)
perldata - Perl data types
DESCRIPTION
Variable names
Context
Scalar values
Scalar value constructors
List value constructors
Slices
Typeglobs and Filehandles
SEE ALSO
perlop - Perl operators and precedence
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
The Arrow Operator
Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
Exponentiation
Symbolic Unary Operators
Binding Operators
Multiplicative Operators
Additive Operators
Shift Operators
Named Unary Operators
Relational Operators
Equality Operators
Bitwise And
Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
C-style Logical And
C-style Logical Or
Range Operators
Conditional Operator
Assignment Operators
Comma Operator
List Operators (Rightward)
Logical Not
Logical And
Logical or and Exclusive Or
C Operators Missing From Perl
unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
Quote and Quote-like Operators
Regexp Quote-Like Operators
?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/,
'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/,
`STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx,
tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters,
Interpolation, "<<'EOF'", "m''", "s'''", "tr///", "y///", '',
"q//", "", ``, "qq//", "qx//", "<file*glob>", "?RE?", "/RE/",
"m/RE/", "s/RE/foo/",, Interpolation of regular expressions,
Optimization of regular expressions
I/O Operators
Constant Folding
Bitwise String Operators
Integer Arithmetic
Floating-point Arithmetic
Bigger Numbers
perlsub - Perl subroutines
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Private Variables via my()
Persistent Private Variables
Temporary Values via local()
Lvalue subroutines
Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
When to Still Use local()
Pass by Reference
Prototypes
Constant Functions
Overriding Built-in Functions
Autoloading
Subroutine Attributes
SEE ALSO
perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
DESCRIPTION
Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern
matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions
for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output
functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions
for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the
control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping,
Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to
classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System
V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group
info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new
in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5
Portability
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept
NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind
SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless
REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod
LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop(
LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME,
continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH,
dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die
LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec
LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc
FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID,
getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME,
getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent,
getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME,
grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL,
LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length
EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local
EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat,
m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir
FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR,
my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module
VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open
FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our
EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack
TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print
FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/,
quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe
EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR,
ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST,
rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR,
rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG,
shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR,
sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK
LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
/PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split,
sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format parameter index, flags, vector flag,
(minimum) width, precision, or maximum width, size, order of
arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE,
stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS
BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM
LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST,
tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH,
truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask
EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module
VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait,
waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write
EXPR, write, y///
perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
DESCRIPTION
Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
The Solution
Syntax
Making References
Using References
An Example
Arrow Rule
Solution
The Rest
Summary
Credits
Distribution Conditions
perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
DESCRIPTION
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
more elaborate constructs
REFERENCES
COMMON MISTAKES
CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS "use strict"
DEBUGGING
CODE EXAMPLES
ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
HASHES OF ARRAYS
Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
ARRAYS OF HASHES
Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
HASHES OF HASHES
Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
Database Ties
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
DESCRIPTION
The Guide
Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
More matching
Search and replace
The split operator
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
DESCRIPTION
Ordinary Paragraph
Verbatim Paragraph
Command Paragraph
"=head1 Heading Text", "=head2 Heading Text", "=head3 Heading
Text", "=head4 Heading Text", "=over indentlevel", "=item
stuff...", "=back", "=cut", "=pod", "=begin formatname", "=end
formatname", "=for formatname text..."
Formatting Codes
"I<text>" -- italic text, "B<text>" -- bold text, "C<code>" -- code
text, "L<name>" -- a hyperlink, "E<escape>" -- a character escape,
"F<filename>" -- used for filenames, "S<text>" -- text contains
non-breaking spaces, "X<topic name>" -- an index entry, "Z<>" -- a
null (zero-effect) formatting code
The Intent
Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
Hints for Writing Pod
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes
DESCRIPTION
Pod Definitions
Pod Commands
"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over",
"=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for
formatname text..."
Pod Formatting Codes
"I<text>" -- italic text, "B<text>" -- bold text, "C<code>" -- code
text, "F<filename>" -- style for filenames, "X<topic name>" -- an index
entry, "Z<>" -- a null (zero-effect) formatting code, "L<name>" -- a
hyperlink, "E<escape>" -- a character escape, "S<text>" -- text
contains non-breaking spaces
Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
About L<...> Codes
First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
About =over...=back Regions
About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlstyle - Perl style guide
DESCRIPTION
perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
DESCRIPTION
Awk Traps
C Traps
Sed Traps
Shell Traps
Perl Traps
Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps,
Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar,
list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps
using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM
Traps, Unclassified Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance,
Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance,
Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation,
Discontinuance, Discontinuance
Parsing Traps
Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
Numerical Traps
Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
General data type traps
(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
Precedence Traps
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
Precedence, Precedence
General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression, Regular Expression
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a
filehandle
OS Traps
(SysV), (SysV)
Interpolation Traps
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation
DBM Traps
DBM, DBM
Unclassified Traps
"require"/"do" trap using returned value, "split" on empty string
with LIMIT specified
perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
#! and quoting on non-Unix systems
OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
Location of Perl
Command Switches
-0[digits], -a, -C, -c, -d, -d:foo[=bar,baz], -Dletters, -Dnumber,
-e commandline, -Fpattern, -h, -i[extension], -Idirectory,
-l[octnum], -m[-]module, -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...',
-[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n, -p, -P, -s, -S, -t, -T, -u, -U,
-v, -V, -V:name, -w, -W, -X, -x directory
ENVIRONMENT
HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
:perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS
port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
DESCRIPTION
perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
DESCRIPTION
Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
What's wrong with -w and $^W
Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
-w, -W, -X
Backward Compatibility
Category Hierarchy
Fatal Warnings
Reporting Warnings from a Module
TODO
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
DESCRIPTION
use strict
Looking at data and -w and v
help
Stepping through code
Placeholder for a, w, t, T
REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
OUTPUT TIPS
CGI
GUIs
SUMMARY
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
CONTRIBUTORS
perldebug - Perl debugging
DESCRIPTION
The Perl Debugger
Debugger Commands
h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X
[vars], y [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c
[line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v
[line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t,
t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone
subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B
*, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o
booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command
], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H
-number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
[manpage]
Configurable Options
"recallCommand", "ShellBang", "pager", "tkRunning", "signalLevel",
"warnLevel", "dieLevel", "AutoTrace", "LineInfo", "inhibit_exit",
"PrintRet", "ornaments", "frame", "maxTraceLen", "windowSize",
"arrayDepth", "hashDepth", "dumpDepth", "compactDump",
"veryCompact", "globPrint", "DumpDBFiles", "DumpPackages",
"DumpReused", "quote", "HighBit", "undefPrint", "UsageOnly", "TTY",
"noTTY", "ReadLine", "NonStop"
Debugger input/output
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format,
Frame listing
Debugging compile-time statements
Debugger Customization
Readline Support
Editor Support for Debugging
The Perl Profiler
Debugging regular expressions
Debugging memory usage
SEE ALSO
BUGS
perlvar - Perl predefined variables
DESCRIPTION
Predefined Names
$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<digits>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH,
$', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
$MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR),
$INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR,
$RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR,
$OFS, $,, IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR,
$OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
$SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-,
@LAST_MATCH_START, @-, $` is the same as "substr($var, 0, $-[0])",
$& is the same as "substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])", $' is the
same as "substr($var, $+[0])", $1 is the same as "substr($var,
$-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])", $2 is the same as "substr($var, $-[2],
$+[2] - $-[2])", $3 is the same as "substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] -
$-[3])", HANDLE->format_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed
EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?,
${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
$EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
$EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
$EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $],
$COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
$INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P,
0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200,
$LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
$BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr},
%SIG, $SIG{expr}
Error Indicators
Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
BUGS
perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
Growing Your Own
Access and Printing
Slices
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR
perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Open A la shell
Simple Opens
Pipe Opens
The Minus File
Mixing Reads and Writes
Filters
Open A la C
Permissions A la mode
Obscure Open Tricks
Re-Opening Files (dups)
Dispelling the Dweomer
Paths as Opens
Single Argument Open
Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
Other I/O Issues
Opening Non-File Files
Binary Files
File Locking
IO Layers
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
HISTORY
perlpacktut - tutorial on "pack" and "unpack"
DESCRIPTION
The Basic Principle
Packing Text
Packing Numbers
Integers
Unpacking a Stack Frame
How to Eat an Egg on a Net
Floating point Numbers
Exotic Templates
Bit Strings
Uuencoding
Doing Sums
Unicode
Another Portable Binary Encoding
Lengths and Widths
String Lengths
Dynamic Templates
Packing and Unpacking C Structures
The Alignment Pit
Alignment, Take 2
Alignment, Take 3
Pointers for How to Use Them
Pack Recipes
Funnies Section
Authors
perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
DESCRIPTION
Part 1: The basics
Simple word matching
Using character classes
Matching this or that
Grouping things and hierarchical matching
Extracting matches
Matching repetitions
Building a regexp
Using regular expressions in Perl
Part 2: Power tools
More on characters, strings, and character classes
Compiling and saving regular expressions
Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
Non-capturing groupings
Looking ahead and looking behind
Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
Conditional expressions
A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
Pragmas and debugging
BUGS
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perlre - Perl regular expressions
DESCRIPTION
i, m, s, x
Regular Expressions
[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
Extended Patterns
"(?#text)", "(?imsx-imsx)", "(?:pattern)", "(?imsx-imsx:pattern)",
"(?=pattern)", "(?!pattern)", "(?<=pattern)", "(?<!pattern)", "(?{
code })", "(??{ code })", "(?>pattern)",
"(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)", "(?(condition)yes-pattern)"
Backtracking
Version 8 Regular Expressions
Warning on \1 vs $1
Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
Combining pieces together
"ST", "S|T", "S{REPEAT_COUNT}", "S{min,max}", "S{min,max}?", "S?",
"S*", "S+", "S??", "S*?", "S+?", "(?>S)", "(?=S)", "(?<=S)",
"(?!S)", "(?<!S)", "(??{ EXPR })",
"(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)"
Creating custom RE engines
BUGS
SEE ALSO
perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
NOTE
DESCRIPTION
Making References
Using References
Symbolic references
Not-so-symbolic references
Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
Function Templates
WARNING
SEE ALSO
perlform - Perl formats
DESCRIPTION
Format Variables
NOTES
Footers
Accessing Formatting Internals
WARNINGS
perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
DESCRIPTION
If we could talk to the animals...
Introducing the method invocation arrow
Invoking a barnyard
The extra parameter of method invocation
Calling a second method to simplify things
Inheriting the windpipes
A few notes about @ISA
Overriding the methods
Starting the search from a different place
The SUPER way of doing things
Where we're at so far...
A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
Invoking an instance method
Accessing the instance data
How to build a horse
Inheriting the constructor
Making a method work with either classes or instances
Adding parameters to a method
More interesting instances
A horse of a different color
Summary
SEE ALSO
COPYRIGHT
perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
DESCRIPTION
Creating a Class
Object Representation
Class Interface
Constructors and Instance Methods
Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
Destructors
Other Object Methods
Class Data
Accessing Class Data
Debugging Methods
Class Destructors
Documenting the Interface
Aggregation
Inheritance
Overridden Methods
Multiple Inheritance
UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
Alternate Object Representations
Arrays as Objects
Closures as Objects
AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
Autoloaded Data Methods
Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
Metaclassical Tools
Class::Struct
Data Members as Variables
NOTES
Object Terminology
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
COPYRIGHT
Acknowledgments
perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Class Data in a Can
Class Data as Package Variables
Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
Inheritance Concerns
The Eponymous Meta-Object
Indirect References to Class Data
Monadic Classes
Translucent Attributes
Class Data as Lexical Variables
Privacy and Responsibility
File-Scoped Lexicals
More Inheritance Concerns
Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
Translucency Revisited
NOTES
SEE ALSO
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
HISTORY
perlobj - Perl objects
DESCRIPTION
An Object is Simply a Reference
A Class is Simply a Package
A Method is Simply a Subroutine
Method Invocation
Indirect Object Syntax
Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
Destructors
Summary
Two-Phased Garbage Collection
SEE ALSO
perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
DESCRIPTION
OO SCALING TIPS
INSTANCE VARIABLES
SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
THINKING OF CODE REUSE
CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
DELEGATION
perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Tying Scalars
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE
this, DESTROY this
Tying Arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index,
value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count,
EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST,
POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset,
length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
Tying Hashes
USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this,
key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS
this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this,
DESTROY this
Tying FileHandles
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST,
PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE
this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
UNTIE this
The "untie" Gotcha
SEE ALSO
BUGS
AUTHOR
perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe
subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
DESCRIPTION
Signals
Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
Named Pipes
Deferred Signals
Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
triggered by operating system state
Using open() for IPC
Filehandles
Background Processes
Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
Safe Pipe Opens
Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
Sockets: Client/Server Communication
Internet Line Terminators
Internet TCP Clients and Servers
Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
TCP Clients with IO::Socket
A Simple Client
"Proto", "PeerAddr", "PeerPort"
A Webget Client
Interactive Client with IO::Socket
TCP Servers with IO::Socket
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
UDP: Message Passing
SysV IPC
NOTES
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open
handles to files, directories and network sockets
Resource limits
Killing the parent process
Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet
implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded
in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions
BUGS
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
Storing numbers
Numeric operators and numeric conversions
Flavors of Perl numeric operations
Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during "use integer",
Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators
during "use integer", Operators which expect an integer, Operators
which expect a string
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Status
What Is A Thread Anyway?
Threaded Program Models
Boss/Worker
Work Crew
Pipeline
Native threads
What kind of threads are Perl threads?
Thread-Safe Modules
Thread Basics
Basic Thread Support
A Note about the Examples
Creating Threads
Giving up control
Waiting For A Thread To Exit
Ignoring A Thread
Threads And Data
Shared And Unshared Data
Thread Pitfalls: Races
Synchronization and control
Controlling access: lock()
A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
Queues: Passing Data Around
Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores
Advanced Semaphores
cond_wait() and cond_signal()
General Thread Utility Routines
What Thread Am I In?
Thread IDs
Are These Threads The Same?
What Threads Are Running?
A Complete Example
Performance considerations
Process-scope Changes
Thread-Safety of System Libraries
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introductory Texts
OS-Related References
Other References
Acknowledgements
AUTHOR
Copyrights
perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
DESCRIPTION
What Is A Thread Anyway?
Threaded Program Models
Boss/Worker
Work Crew
Pipeline
Native threads
What kind of threads are perl threads?
Threadsafe Modules
Thread Basics
Basic Thread Support
Creating Threads
Giving up control
Waiting For A Thread To Exit
Errors In Threads
Ignoring A Thread
Threads And Data
Shared And Unshared Data
Thread Pitfall: Races
Controlling access: lock()
Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
Queues: Passing Data Around
Threads And Code
Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
Subroutine Locks
Methods
Locking A Subroutine
General Thread Utility Routines
What Thread Am I In?
Thread IDs
Are These Threads The Same?
What Threads Are Running?
A Complete Example
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introductory Texts
OS-Related References
Other References
Acknowledgements
AUTHOR
Copyrights
perlport - Writing portable Perl
DESCRIPTION
Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already
is portable
ISSUES
Newlines
Numbers endianness and Width
Files and Filesystems
System Interaction
Command names versus file pathnames
Interprocess Communication (IPC)
External Subroutines (XS)
Standard Modules
Time and Date
Character sets and character encoding
Internationalisation
System Resources
Security
Style
CPAN Testers
Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
http://testers.cpan.org/
PLATFORMS
Unix
DOS and Derivatives
Mac OS
VMS
VOS
EBCDIC Platforms
Acorn RISC OS
Other perls
FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump
LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport
PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent,
getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent
STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl
ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget
KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR,
stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime
LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
CHANGES
v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999,
v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11
February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36,
9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32,
05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
Supported Platforms
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization)
DESCRIPTION
PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
USING LOCALES
The use locale pragma
The setlocale function
Finding locales
LOCALE PROBLEMS
Temporarily fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing locale problems
Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
Fixing system locale configuration
The localeconv function
I18N::Langinfo
LOCALE CATEGORIES
Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
LC_TIME
Other categories
SECURITY
ENVIRONMENT
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
NOTES
Backward compatibility
I18N:Collate obsolete
Sort speed and memory use impacts
write() and LC_NUMERIC
Freely available locale definitions
I18n and l10n
An imperfect standard
Unicode and UTF-8
BUGS
Broken systems
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
DESCRIPTION
Unicode
Perl's Unicode Support
Perl's Unicode Model
Unicode and EBCDIC
Creating Unicode
Handling Unicode
Legacy Encodings
Unicode I/O
Displaying Unicode As Text
Special Cases
Advanced Topics
Miscellaneous
Questions With Answers
Hexadecimal Notation
Further Resources
UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
SEE ALSO
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
DESCRIPTION
Important Caveats
Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, "use utf8" still
needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
Byte and Character Semantics
Effects of Character Semantics
Scripts
Blocks
User-Defined Character Properties
Character Encodings for Input and Output
Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
Unicode Encodings
Security Implications of Unicode
Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
Locales
Using Unicode in XS
BUGS
Interaction with Locales
Interaction with Extensions
Speed
SEE ALSO
perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
DESCRIPTION
COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
ASCII
ISO 8859
Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
EBCDIC
13 variant characters
0037
1047
POSIX-BC
Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
Unicode and UTF
Using Encode
SINGLE OCTET TABLES
recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
CONVERSIONS
tr///
iconv
C RTL
OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
SOCKETS
SORTING
Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
MONO CASE then sort data.
Convert, sort data, then re convert.
Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
URL decoding and encoding
uu encoding and decoding
Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
Caesarian ciphers
Hashing order and checksums
I18N AND L10N
MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
OS ISSUES
OS/400
IFS access
OS/390, z/OS
chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
VM/ESA?
POSIX-BC?
BUGS
SEE ALSO
REFERENCES
HISTORY
AUTHOR
perlsec - Perl security
DESCRIPTION
Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
Switches On the "#!" Line
Cleaning Up Your Path
Security Bugs
Protecting Your Programs
Unicode
SEE ALSO
perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
DESCRIPTION
Packages
Symbol Tables
Package Constructors and Destructors
Perl Classes
Perl Modules
Making your module threadsafe
SEE ALSO
perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
DESCRIPTION
PREAMBLE
DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the
module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module
PORTABILITY
HEY
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT
perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
DESCRIPTION
THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
Pragmatic Modules
attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib,
bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields,
filetest, if, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings,
warnings::register
Standard Modules
AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B,
B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno,
Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command,
ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed,
ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS,
ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS,
ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec,
File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat,
FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long,
Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader,
Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor,
Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder,
Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator,
Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex,
Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore,
Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize,
Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
Extension Modules
CPAN
Africa
South Africa
Asia
China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian
Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
Central America
Costa Rica
Europe
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
North America
Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
United States
Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia,
Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New
Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, ashington,
Wisconsin
Oceania
Australia, New Zealand
South America
Argentina, Brazil, Chile
RSYNC Mirrors
Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
Guidelines for Module Creation
Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
NOTE
perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
INTRODUCTION
QUICK CHECKLIST
Before you start
The API
Stability
Documentation
Release considerations
BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
Has it been done before?
Do one thing and do it well
What's in a name?
DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
To OO or not to OO?
Designing your API
Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality
from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming
conventions, Parameter passing
Strictness and warnings
Backwards compatibility
Error handling and messages
DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
POD
README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
Version numbering
Pre-requisites
Testing
Packaging
Licensing
COMMON PITFALLS
Reinventing the wheel
Trying to do too much
Inappropriate documentation
SEE ALSO
perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Testing tools,
http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
AUTHOR
perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
DESCRIPTION
Warning
What should I make into a module?
Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check
again
Step-by-step: Making the module
Start with h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter -
wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README
Step-by-step: Distributing your module
Get a CPAN user ID, "perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist",
Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa,
Fix bugs!
AUTHOR
SEE ALSO
perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
DESCRIPTION
What is Perl?
Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
Which version of Perl should I use?
What are perl4 and perl5?
What is perl6?
How stable is Perl?
Is Perl difficult to learn?
Scheme, or Tcl?
How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
Can I do [task] in Perl?
When shouldn't I program in Perl?
What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
What is a JAPH?
Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $, $Date:
2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
DESCRIPTION
What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
How can I get a binary version of Perl?
I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
work.
I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't
loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
does CPAN/src/... mean?
What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What
Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
Where can I get information on Perl?
What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
Where should I post source code?
Perl Books
References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
Perl in Magazines
Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
What mailing lists are there for Perl?
Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
Where do I send bug reports?
What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06 13:11:13
$)
DESCRIPTION
How do I do (anything)?
How can I use Perl interactively?
Is there a Perl shell?
How do I debug my Perl programs?
How do I profile my Perl programs?
How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
Is there a ctags for Perl?
Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
OptiPerl, CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile,
Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit
and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
How can I use curses with Perl?
How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
How can I make my Perl program run faster?
How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary
quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables
to disk
Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
How can I compile Perl into Java?
How can I get "#!perl" to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
program; what am I doing wrong?
I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
What's MakeMaker?
AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30 07:04:25
$)
DESCRIPTION
Data: Numbers
numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
functions?
Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig
How do I convert between numeric representations?
How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from
decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How
do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to
decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary
Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
How do I multiply matrices?
How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
How can I output Roman numerals?
Why aren't my random numbers random?
How do I get a random number between X and Y?
Data: Dates
How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
How do I find the current century or millennium?
How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
How can I find the Julian Day?
How do I find yesterday's date?
Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
Data: Strings
How do I validate input?
How do I unescape a string?
How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
How do I expand function calls in a string?
How do I find matching/nesting anything?
How do I reverse a string?
How do I expand tabs in a string?
How do I reformat a paragraph?
How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?
How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
[character]? (Comma-separated files)
How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
How do I extract selected columns from a string?
How do I find the soundex value of a string?
How can I expand variables in text strings?
What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably)
should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any
space in front of the tag
Data: Arrays
What is the difference between a list and an array?
What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
a), b), c), d), e)
How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array?
intersection of two arrays?
How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
How do I handle linked lists?
How do I handle circular lists?
How do I shuffle an array randomly?
How do I process/modify each element of an array?
How do I select a random element from an array?
How do I permute N elements of a list?
How do I sort an array by (anything)?
How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
How do I process an entire hash?
What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?
How do I look up a hash element by value?
How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
How can I always keep my hash sorted?
What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
How can I