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PERLHPUX(1)
NAME
README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems
DESCRIPTION
This document describes various features of HP's Unix operating system
(HP-UX) that will affect how Perl version 5 (hereafter just Perl) is
compiled and/or runs.
Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
When compiling Perl, you must use an ANSI C compiler. The C compiler that
ships with all HP-UX systems is a K&R compiler that should only be used to
build new kernels.
Perl can be compiled with either HP's ANSI C compiler or with gcc. The
former is recommended, as not only can it compile Perl with no difficulty,
but also can take advantage of features listed later that require the use
of HP compiler-specific command-line flags.
If you decide to use gcc, make sure your installation is recent and
complete, and be sure to read the Perl README file for more gcc-specific
details.
PA-RISC
HP's current Unix systems run on its own Precision Architecture (PA-RISC)
chip. HP-UX used to run on the Motorola MC68000 family of chips, but any
machine with this chip in it is quite obsolete and this document will not
attempt to address issues for compiling Perl on the Motorola chipset.
The most recent version of PA-RISC at the time of this document's last
update is 2.0.
PA-RISC 1.0
The original version of PA-RISC, HP no longer sells any system with this
chip.
The following systems contain PA-RISC 1.0 chips:
600, 635, 645, 808, 815, 822, 825, 832, 834, 835, 840, 842, 845, 850, 852,
855, 860, 865, 870, 890
PA-RISC 1.1
An upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it shipped for many years in many
different system.
The following systems contain with PA-RISC 1.1 chips:
705, 710, 712, 715, 720, 722, 725, 728, 730, 735, 742, 743, 745, 747, 750,
755, 770, 777, 778, 779, 800, 801, 803, 806, 807, 809, 811, 813, 816, 817,
819, 821, 826, 827, 829, 831, 837, 839, 841, 847, 849, 851, 856, 857, 859,
867, 869, 877, 887, 891, 892, 897, A180, A180C, B115, B120, B132L, B132L+,
B160L, B180L, C100, C110, C115, C120, C160L, D200, D210, D220, D230, D250,
D260, D310, D320, D330, D350, D360, D410, DX0, DX5, DZO, E25, E35, E45,
E55, F10, F20, F30, G30, G40, G50, G60, G70, H20, H30, H40, H50, H60, H70,
I30, I40, I50, I60, I70, J200, J210, J210XC, K100, K200, K210, K220, K230,
K400, K410, K420, S700i, S715, S724, S760, T500, T520
PA-RISC 2.0
The most recent upgrade to the PA-RISC design, it added support for 64-bit
integer data.
As of the date of this document's last update, the following systems
contain PA-RISC 2.0 chips (this is very likely to be out of date):
700, 780, 781, 782, 783, 785, 802, 804, 810, 820, 861, 871, 879, 889, 893,
895, 896, 898, 899, B1000, C130, C140, C160, C180, C180+, C180-XP, C200+,
C400+, C3000, C360, CB260, D270, D280, D370, D380, D390, D650, J220, J2240,
J280, J282, J400, J410, J5000, J7000, K250, K260, K260-EG, K270, K360,
K370, K380, K450, K460, K460-EG, K460-XP, K470, K570, K580, L1000, L2000,
N4000, R380, R390, T540, T600, V2000, V2200, V2250, V2500
A complete list of models at the time the OS was built is in the file
/opt/langtools/lib/sched.models. The first column corresponds to the
output of the "uname -m" command (without the leading "9000/"). The second
column is the PA-RISC version and the third column is the exact chip type
used.
Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
An executable compiled on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform will not execute on a PA-
RISC 1.1 platform, even if they are running the same version of HP-UX. If
you are building Perl on a PA-RISC 2.0 platform and want that Perl to to
also run on a PA-RISC 1.1, the compiler flags +DAportable and +DS32 should
be used.
It is no longer possible to compile PA-RISC 1.0 executables on either the
PA-RISC 1.1 or 2.0 platforms.
Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
HP-UX supports dynamically loadable libraries (shared libraries). Shared
libraries end with the suffix .sl.
Shared libraries created on a platform using a particular PA-RISC version
are not usable on platforms using an earlier PA-RISC version by default.
However, this backwards compatibility may be enabled using the same
+DAportable compiler flag (with the same PA-RISC 1.0 caveat mentioned
above).
To create a shared library, the following steps must be performed:
1. Compile source modules with +z or +Z flag to create a .o module
which contains Position-Independent Code (PIC). The linker will
tell you in the next step if +Z was needed.
2. Link the shared library using the -b flag. If the code calls
any functions in other system libraries (e.g., libm), it must
be included on this line.
(Note that these steps are usually handled automatically by the extension's
Makefile).
If these dependent libraries are not listed at shared library creation
time, you will get fatal "Unresolved symbol" errors at run time when the
library is loaded.
You may create a shared library that refers to another library, which may
be either an archive library or a shared library. If this second library
is a shared library, this is called a "dependent library". The dependent
library's name is recorded in the main shared library, but it is not linked
into the shared library. Instead, it is loaded when the main shared
library is loaded. This can cause problems if you build an extension on
one system and move it to another system where the libraries may not be
located in the same place as on the first system.
If the referred library is an archive library, then it is treated as a
simple collection of .o modules (all of which must contain PIC). These
modules are then linked into the shared library.
Note that it is okay to create a library which contains a dependent library
that is already linked into perl.
It is no longer possible to link PA-RISC 1.0 shared libraries.
The HP ANSI C Compiler
When using this compiler to build Perl, you should make sure that the flag
-Aa is added to the cpprun and cppstdin variables in the config.sh file
(though see the section on 64-bit perl below).
Using Large Files with Perl
Beginning with HP-UX version 10.20, files larger than 2GB (2^31 bytes) may
be created and manipulated. Three separate methods of doing this are
available. Of these methods, the best method for Perl is to compile using
the -Duselargefiles flag to Configure. This causes Perl to be compiled
using structures and functions in which these are 64 bits wide, rather than
32 bits wide. (Note that this will only work with HP's ANSI C compiler.
If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get a version of
the compiler that support 64-bit operations.)
There are some drawbacks to this approach. One is that any extension which
calls any file-manipulating C function will need to be recompiled (just
follow the usual "perl Makefile.PL; make; make test; make install"
procedure).
The list of functions that will need to recompiled is:
creat, fgetpos, fopen,
freopen, fsetpos, fstat,
fstatvfs, fstatvfsdev, ftruncate,
ftw, lockf, lseek,
lstat, mmap, nftw, open, prealloc, stat,
statvfs, statvfsdev, tmpfile,
truncate, getrlimit, setrlimit
Another drawback is only valid for Perl versions before 5.6.0. This
drawback is that the seek and tell functions (both the builtin version and
POSIX module version) will not perform correctly.
It is strongly recommended that you use this flag when you run Configure.
If you do not do this, but later answer the question about large files when
Configure asks you, you may get a configuration that cannot be compiled, or
that does not function as expected.
Threaded Perl
It is possible to compile a version of threaded Perl on any version of HP-
UX before 10.30, but it is strongly suggested that you be running on HP-UX
11.00 at least.
To compile Perl with threads, add -Dusethreads to the arguments of
Configure. Verify that the -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L compiler flag is
automatically added to the list of flags. Also make sure that -lpthread is
listed before -lc in the list of libraries to link Perl with.
As of the date of this document, Perl threads are not fully supported on
HP-UX.
HP-UX versions before 10.30 require a seperate installation of a POSIX
threads library package. Two examples are the HP DCE package, available on
"HP-UX Hardware Extensions 3.0, Install and Core OS, Release 10.20, April
1999 (B3920-13941)" or the Freely available PTH package, available though
worldwide HP-UX mirrors of precompiled packages (e.g.
http://hpux.tn.tudelft.nl/hppd/hpux/alpha.html)
64-bit Perl
Beginning with HP-UX 11.00, programs compiled under HP-UX can take
advantage of the LP64 programming environment (LP64 means Longs and
Pointers are 64 bits wide).
Work is being performed on Perl to make it 64-bit compliant on all versions
of Unix. Once this is complete, scalar variables will be able to hold
numbers larger than 2^32 with complete precision.
As of the date of this document, Perl is not 64-bit compliant on HP-UX.
Should a user wish to experiment with compiling Perl in the LP64
environment, use the -Duse64bitall flag to Configure. This will force Perl
to be compiled in a pure LP64 environment (via the +DD64 flag).
You can also use the -Duse64bitint flag to Configure. Although there are
some minor differences between compiling Perl with this flag versus the
-Duse64bitall flag, they should not be noticeable from a Perl user's
perspective.
In both cases, it is strongly recommended that you use these flags when you
run Configure. If you do not use do this, but later answer the questions
about 64-bit numbers when Configure asks you, you may get a configuration
that cannot be compiled, or that does not function as expected.
(Note that these Configure flags will only work with HP's ANSI C compiler.
If you want to compile Perl using gcc, you will have to get a version of
the compiler that support 64-bit operations.)
GDBM and Threads
If you attempt to compile Perl with threads on an 11.X system and also link
in the GDBM library, then Perl will immediately core dump when it starts
up. The only workaround at this point is to relink the GDBM library under
11.X, then relink it into Perl.
NFS filesystems and utime(2)
If you are compiling Perl on a remotely-mounted NFS filesystem, the test
io/fs.t may fail on test #18. This appears to be a bug in HP-UX and no fix
is currently available.
perl -P and //
In HP-UX Perl is compiled with flags that will cause problems if the -P
flag of Perl (preprocess Perl code with the C preprocessor before perl sees
it) is used. The problem is that "//", being a C++-style until-end-of-line
comment, will disappear along with the remainder of the line. This means
that common Perl constructs like
s/foo//;
will turn into illegal code
s/foo
The workaround is to use some other quoting separator than ""/"", like for
example ""!"":
s!foo!!;
AUTHOR
Jeff Okamoto <okamoto@corp.hp.com>
With much assistance regarding shared libraries from Marc Sabatella.
DATE
Version 0.6.2: 2001-02-02
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